Does Atmospheric Pressure Affect Humidity

Does atmospheric pressure affect relative humidity? The question is important to archivists who preserve paintings and books, as water vapor can damage priceless works. Many scientists say there is a relationship between atmospheric pressure and humidity, but describing the nature of the effect is not so simple. Other experts believe pressure and humidity are unrelated. In a nutshell, pressure likely does affect relative humidity. However, the difference between atmospheric pressure at different locales likely doesnt impact humidity to a significant degree. Temperature is the primary factor affecting humidity. The Case for Pressure Affecting Humidity Relative humidity (RH) is defined as a ratio of mole fraction of actual water vapor, to a mole fraction of water vapor that can be saturated in dry air, where the two values are obtained at the same temperature and pressure.Mole fraction values are obtained from water density values.Water density values vary with atmospheric pressure.Atmospheric pressure varies with altitude.The temperature boiling point of water varies with atmospheric pressure (or altitude).Saturated Water Vapor pressure value is dependent on the boiling point of water (such that the values of the boiling point of water is lower at higher altitudes).Humidity in any form is the relationship between the saturated water vapor pressure, and the sample-airs partial water vapor pressure. Partial water vapor pressure values are dependent on pressure and temperature.Since both saturated water vapor property values and partial water pressure values are observed to non-linearly change with atmospheric pressure and temperatur e, then the absolute value of atmospheric pressure is required to accurately calculate the water vapor relationship as it applies to the perfect ideal gas law (PV nRT).To accurately measure humidity and use the principles of the perfect gas law, one must obtain the absolute atmospheric pressure value as a fundamental requirement for calculating relative humidity values at higher altitudes.Since the majority of the RH sensors do not have built-in pressure sensor, they are inaccurate above sea level, unless a conversion equation is used with a local atmospheric pressure instrument. The Argument Against a Relationship Between Pressure and Humidity Nearly all humidity related processes are independent of total air pressure, because water vapor in air does not interact with oxygen and nitrogen in any way, as first demonstrated by John Dalton early in the nineteenth century.The only RH sensor type that is sensitive to air pressure is the psychrometer, because air is the carrier of heat to the wet sensor and the remover of evaporated water vapor from it. The psychrometric constant is quoted in tables of physical constants as a function of total air pressure. All other RH sensors should not need adjustment for altitude. However, the psychrometer is often used as a convenient calibration device for HVAC installations, so if it is used with the constant for the wrong pressure to check a sensor that is in fact correct, it will indicate a sensor error.

The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe - 1798 Words

Edgar Allen Poe s, The Cask Of Amontillado, is a between two enemies. It humorously portrays the foil of Fortunato, as he is led through the catacombs. Poe s humor is dark, sarcastic and very ironic, which quickly becomes a signpost of the tale. Poe sets himself apart from other authors in his works, based on how he depicts and encounters death. It accentuates the notion that at times, your worst enemy will appear as your best friend. Pride is the downfall of every man and the same can be said for Fortunato. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† starts out with Montresor, the narrator, saying, â€Å"Fortunato has hurt me a thousands time and i had suffered quietly†¦I promise myself that I would make him pay for this that I would have revenge.†(68).†¦show more content†¦Besides, there is Luchesi-.† Montresor does an excellent job of being Fortunatos’ friend and at the same time convinces him to continue drinking and telling him, â€Å"A draught of th is Medoc will defend us from the damps.† Montresor was not trying to defend either one of them, his only purpose was to place Fortunato into a higher state of drunkenness. Montresor causes Fortunato to become so drunk that while he was being chained to the wall by Montresor, â€Å"He was too much astounded to resist.† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is filled with many ironies and also life lessons; such as know who your real friends are. Fortunato thought his real friend was Montresor when, in reality, Montresor was anything but his friend. Not only did Montresor fake his sincerity towards Fortunato, he was also vengeful and very intelligent in his actions to kill Fortunato. This is a tale about pride and revenge. Among the many ironies of the tale are three which prove quite striking. The first is obvious from the beginning lines: â€Å"The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge. You, who so well know the nature of my soul, will not suppose, however, that I gave utterance to a threat.† These lines are being delivered by the Narrator, Montressor, to his confessor, an unnamed priest. The confessor is the you of the second line: You, who so well know the nature of my soul.... The irony is thatShow MoreRelatedThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe992 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe had many pieces of literature, but one in particular â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† reflected his personality. It is a short story that can be read easily, and can take on many ironies. The several ironies can point to the fact that Poe himself was implanted into the story as he was a mysterious man. There are several characters with different personalities often interpreted as Poe hiding his dark side which would be â€Å"Montresor†. The other personality Fortunato could be that drunken personalityRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe953 Words   |  4 Pagesseek revenge. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a short story by the American poet, edit or and story writer Edgar Allen Poe. This story is a tale of revenge touching on the darker sides of human nature and at what lengths a man will go to achieve vengeance. We are told by our narrator Montresor that he had been insulted by a wealthy wine connoisseur named Fortunato. Montresor picks him out of the carnival and lures him into his wine cellar with promise of a renown sherry wine, Amontillado. Fortunato is baitedRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1052 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was one of the most famed authors of death, decay, and depression in the 18th century. Poe started his writing career during the Romantic literature period, a period focused on nature, emotions, and a fascination with the supernatural elements. As writers started to write in this new genre, works started becoming dark, with an eerie feeling and a tone of death. Out of the Romantic era came the sub-classification of the Gothic genre. Poe started to embrace this new genre an d his writingsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1204 Words   |  5 Pagesbest could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge† (Poe 1). This line draws the reader into the story by bringing up questions like, what insults could have been done to deserve such revenge? The uniqueness in the question itself is that it turns the table of a classic mystery or gothic story (Mcgarth). Instead of asking â€Å"who did it,† the question is, â€Å"why did he do it† (Baraban Motive for Murder in Cask of Amontillado ). Montresor uses Fortunato’s strengthens and turns them intoRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe851 Words   |  4 Pagesabout â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Do hate someone, but act like they are your best friend to get something that you want from them? Edgar Allen Poe does in his story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† as he uses Montresor to tell Fortunato’s journey to catacombs and how he â€Å"conceives and executes an ingenious plan... for revenging† Fortunato (Gruesser 129). In â€Å"The cask of Amontillado† Poe uses tone, plot devices, and the setting to present the theme of appearances masking reality. To begin, Poe uses one toRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1025 Words   |  5 PagesJared Mourning English II Prof. Platt Thursday, March 3, 2016 Fortunato’s Misfortune In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Edgar Allen Poe issues a warning that even your closest friends can stab you in the back when you insult them in the right way. Poe perfectly portrays the way someone you think is your best friend could just as well be your biggest enemy. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allen Poe uses Montresor’s point of view, plot, and symbolism to convey the cold, merciless man who is MontresorRead More`` Cask Of Amontillado `` By Edgar Allen Poe1505 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was a writer who sculpted every detail to create his desired â€Å"theme†. His short stories are mostly representing the murder of a character. The murderer, who is the narrator, explains the plan for the murder. The narrator destroys the humans around him through his destructive mind. The reason for the murder is revenge and hatred. In â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Poe utilized â€Å"unreliable na rrators,† he even created similarities between murder and victim to establishRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1492 Words   |  6 Pages McMullen 531-06 1 September 2014 Summer Reading The Cask of Amontillado In The Cask of Amontillado, by Edgar Allen Poe, Montressor is able to successfully manipulate Fortunato s arrogance and pride and use it against him as revenge. Montressor knows that Fortunato has a love for wine. Montressor tells Fortunato that he may have acquired Amontillado, a very nice wine. Montressor is not quite sure if the wine is Amontillado, but since Fotunato appears to be occupied Montressor saysRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1723 Words   |  7 Pages Were Montresor’s action in The Cask of Amontillado justified? Is killing someone justifiable? In Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Cask of Amontillado that question is one that could be asked. The short story is about a man named Montresor and his quest to get revenge on his foe Fourtando who has apparently insulted Montresor. Around the time of the carnival season Montresor leaves his house to go find Fourtando and get his revenge he tells none of his servants toRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado, By Edgar Allen Poe884 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† by Edgar Allen Poe, one finds the horror throughout its pages. The ideas of unexplained revenge and images of scenes only getting darker and colder cause one to have feelings of dread and disbelief. The protagonist, Montresor, has waited fifty years to tell his story, and one has to question the reliability of what he is saying. Questions of true justice and the power of an insult arise, only magnifying those ideas of horror. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado ,† one sees a

Nursing Far Reaching Profession

Question: Discuss about the Nursingfor Far Reaching Profession. Answer: Introduction It is worth noting that nursing is a far-reaching profession that needs to be accorded much attention. The health sector majorly entails issues regarding the patient thus codes of ethics should be observed at all time. The reason as to why standards should be found is because patients have their right that needs to be taken care of for the well being of their health. Nursing for a long time had been faced with challenges of ethical concerns that have led to patients feeling insecure in front of the Medicare providers who are believed to provide the best healthcare. Also, the professional codes of ethics, theories, and position statements are crucial to the nursing department in understanding their personal roles that are to be executed with or without being monitored. Specifically, the case of Kamil Samra, the physiotherapist is more or less the same with the codes of ethics nurses require to embrace. The fact that Samra can witness the use of banned performance-enhancing drugs by the players and the huge amount of cash to be issued to him by the club management to keep silence on the issue creates a great commotion to the nursing department. Worse still Kamil has the responsibility of taking care of his old parents back in Lebanon, therefore, leading to an ethical dilemma. Therefore in-depth analysis of ethics of nurses on the case of Kamil Samra is bound to provide a green light to the subject. Egan, McElmurry and Jameson (1981) postulate that professional codes of ethics governing the nurses dictate that nurses should highly value the quality of services they give to all the people. This case has it that nurses are supposed to be accountable for their actions in delivering real services to the patients. In this connection, they are expected to enhance excellent services provision by dictating the right medication to the patients according to the prescriptions emanating from the conditions of the patient's health. There have emerged cases where nurses are reported to provide wrong medication to the patients who end up killing them or weakening them further (Bekemeier Butterfield, 2005). This issue arises mostly due to ignorance and lack of competent Medicare. Therefore, to suit their skills and knowledge, nurses should be in the forefront to ensuring that patients receive best of their services. To add on that, nurses are entitled to firmly refuse to participate in the hea lth treatments that according to their standard of the profession are morally or religiously accepted. For the case of Kamil, players are provided with performance enhancement drugs, peptides that are supported by the club the coaching staff. According to rules and principles that guide the nurses, Kamil is aware of health complications that might arise to the players due to the continued use of those drugs. Therefore, despite the fact that Samra is to be offered with large sums of money to keep silent on the issue, he directly breaks the law by standing on health grounds that are morally unacceptable. For sure he has the burden of checking his aging parents in Lebanon but that becomes a weak or else vague ideology as far as health of involved people is concerned. Therefore, Kamil should tirelessly fight this malpractice to ensure players remain safe and sound. Cesanek, Stetson and Stewart (2010) indicate that nurses are guided by the codes of ethics that illustrate that they should value the diversity of the people. This is another basic guideline that assists the Medicare professionals to exercise their duties in an upright manner. The ethical aspect dictates that each and every nurse should respect the diversity of the patients or the interested parties (Tyer et al., 2009). In connection to that Medicare providers are entitled to acknowledging the values and beliefs of the people they are caring for without hesitating to apply the professional values that govern them. It is true that Kamil has been on contractual terms with the Australian Football League (AFL), yet he is a Lebanon native. It is expected of the club management to convince Samra to silence on the issue of drugs use because he is a foreigner and should not tamper with the activities of Australian people. That means, according to the club, he should accept the offer and deem the case closed. For certain nursing profession follows similar guidelines and undertakings that shape the healthcare providers to fit in all spheres of life. According to Mateu (2006), understanding the language, beliefs, and perceptions of people is critical, but to some extent, it is illogical to allow immorality to thrive on nationality and cultures of individuals. Hence, Kamil should try as much as he can to stop the vice irrespective of where he comes from and the vague beliefs of people which are ethically wrong. The codes of ethics guiding the nursing department dictates that nurses should value kindness and respect for self and others. This means that if nurses recognize their personal ethical values, it is also possible for them to comply with the value for others. In simple terms, Medicare providers should, first of all, accept that they are humans and the services they extend to the patients are just and fair in case the same treatments are provided to them in return (Berger, 2003). This issue becomes important because you cannot respect and show kindnesses to others if at all those values do not feature in yourself. Kindness and respect among the patients and Medicare providers create a good relationship that boosts healthcare provision to greater heights. Kamil Samra is a medical professional who apparently understands the dangers of consuming the banned peptides in the name of improving the performance of the players. Therefore, it is his responsibility to show kindness to the victims and teach caution the club management about the dangers of consuming the Thymosin beta-4 drugs. By doing so, he is directly saving portraying respect and kindness to the players by forming a good background for their current and future lives. Ideally, nurses are guided by ethical practice that indicates that they should value informed decision making. These Medicare providers in several circumstances are faced with the challenge of decision making specifically due to the existence of severe patients or relatives who dictate for the nurses on the steps to be taken for their patient (Mohr, 1995). This restriction of decision making is not concrete enough to render the health care provider weak to neglect decision making in contrary to the appropriate ethical guidelines. This means that there is a need for further verification of the information provided to the nurses by the relatives of the ill person or other related parties. This takes care of the future implications to the victims in case decision-making platform not tolerated. Similarly, nurses are not entitled to work under pressure in a manner that would lead to poor decision making. Therefore, coercion and unnecessary convictions should be eliminated for the provisio n of quality health services at all time (Moxham, 2012). Kamil Samra is seen to be confused because of getting himself in a serious dilemma that is bound to weaken his decision making capability. As a professional, he should make his decision concerning the use of peptides about the stated norms and principles of the nursing career. Consequently, if his decision to condemn the use of performance enhancing drugs is just, no one else should divert his reasoning from the truth. Different ethical theories pertaining nursing profession exist. Consequentialism posits that the right moral response is directly connected to consequence or outcome of the act (Duke Northam, 2009). This implies that the soundness of any action taken by the Medicare provider towards the patient or the related person is determined by the results of that particular action. For instance, Kamil quest to have the drugs banned out of the playground can only be realized by the club management after the players are motivated to play and win matches without boosting themselves with the peptides. Also, by taking corrective measures related to the drug introduction to the players, Kamil will be offering the victims an opportunity to express themselves, therefore, leading to a conducive environment for everyone. Deontology is related to the respect and rights, and duties that see individuals as ends in themselves (Robinson, 2003). It majorly focuses on intentions, rules, and obligations of pers ons. This theory in one way or the other directs someone towards doing the right thing. Conversely, it is immoral to follow the rules and be constrained to own obligations without questioning some activities by the delegated authority. Kamil understands that he is under the AFL management and this might reduce him to nothing because he is a minor character. In light of this theory, it is critical move break the bounds and act according to the rules guiding nursing profession. His obligation as a physiotherapist should reflect a genuine meaning of his job irrespective of prevailing external forces. Virtues are the value that one portrays while carrying out daily proceedings. The nursing department requires the Medicare providers to enhance the high level of positive attributes that determine the performance of their activities (Tarnow Butcher, 2005). Samra should respond to the drugs concern by ensuring that he displays virtues of honesty and kindness by claiming justice for the players. The principlism is another important ethical aspect in healthcare. It highlights justice, beneficence, autonomy and non-malificence all of which are moral principles. By portraying such noble elements, there is compatibility of individual, religious and societal beliefs. The principal is crucial to the Kamil case as fighting for the rights of the players will ensure justice is sought. Additionally, anti-doping rule will be followed to the latter hence ensuring just productivity of the participants. There exist legal considerations that healthcare providers must meet, failure to which severe penalties are borne by the involved individuals. According to Boutain (2005), Civil and criminal law address the issue of misconduct by the nurse to society or an individual. In this case, there are somber consequences that befall the culprits such as imprisonment and hefty fines. Further research done by Carpenito (2006), criminal activity undertaken by a particular nurse is highlighted as morally wrong, and it is prohibited by the law. This mostly happens due to the presence of negligent nurses who care less about the welfare of the patients. Mostly, these rare but severe cases are promoted through corruption whereby incompetent healthcare providers are absorbed into the public health sector. According to Grant and Vecchione (2011), there have been reported cases of doctor and nurses who give wrong medication to the patients hence affecting their physiological makeup and most probably caus ing death. In some instances, nurses are permitted to carry out minor operations such as midwifery, ending up causing unnecessary wounds to the patients. Traynor (2006) posits that civil law concentrates much on the duties and rights of private persons. It is against the law to interfere with the health of a sound person since this might bring in complications due to unwanted stimulation of body system by the drugs. By admitting the offer, Kamil Samra will be going against the law and principles guiding the nursing association. This is because the health of the players is sound therefore introducing performance boosting drugs will do more harm than good to the associated individuals. Again it is against the anti-doping rule of sports authority to exercise drug stimulation intake. According to Fowler (2016), it is unfair to integrate drug usage in the world of sports due to the many consequences attached to the practice. This paves the way for undeserved wins for the drug using team against a transparent team that has been investing heavily in the physical exercise arena. On the other hand, there might be losses to the team that makes use of the peptides due to the injuries they might cause to their opponents. This is biologically explained in that our bodies tend to overreact on the drugs thereby leading to the abnormality that influences our modes of behavior. Incase drug testing is done; the team might be suspended from participating in any of the sports whether local or international. By doing so, the lives of players who solely get their daily bread from sporting are put at risk. Therefore, it is wise for Samra to deny the offer for bettering the lives of his players. By treating the ill protagonists, Kamil is being paid, and that money can be used to nurture the aging parents thereby it makes no sense to allow some atrocities to happen in the name of big money. Conclusively, professional codes of ethics, concepts, and principles regarding the nursing profession have effectively been discussed. In light of values and other concerning revolving around the nursing department, it is crucial for every Medicare business to adhere to principles and personal reasoning aimed at bettering the lives of patients and other concerned people. The case of Kamil Samra has been analyzed therefore serving as an eye-opener to those nursing students who are preparing to exercise their skills in different career fields. In short moral behaviors should be enhanced at all time. References Bekemeier, B., Butterfield, P. (2005). Unreconciled inconsistencies: A critical review of the concept of social justice in 3 national nursing documents.Advances in Nursing Science,28(2), 152-162. Berger, J. T. (2003). Ethical challenges of partial do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders: placing DNR orders in the context of a life-threatening conditions care plan.Archives of internal medicine,163(19), 2270-2275. Boutain, D. (2005). Social justice in nursing: A review of literature.Caring for the vulnerable, 21-29. Carpenito-Moyet, L. J. (Ed.). (2006).Nursing diagnosis: Application to clinical practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Cesanek, M., Stetson, B., Stewart, S. (2010). Philosophy Statements Nursing.Philosophy. Duke, G. J., Northam, S. (2009). Discrepancies among physicians regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices in end-of-life care.Journal of Hospice Palliative Nursing,11(1), 52-59. Egan, E. C., McElmurry, B. J., Jameson, H. M. (1981). Practice-based research: assessing your department's readiness.Journal of Nursing Administration,11(10), 26-32. Fowler, M. D. (2016). Nursing's Code of Ethics, Social Ethics, and Social Policy.Hastings Center Report,46(S1). Grant, P. D., Vecchione, J. J. (2011). Laws governing the workplace.Law For Nurse Leaders: A Comprehensive Reference, 105. Mateu, B. M. (2006). Advance statements: legal and ethical implications.Nursing standard,21(2), 41-45. Mohr, W. K. (1995). Values, ideologies, and dilemmas: Professional and occupational contradictions.Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services,33(1), 29-34. Moxham, L. (2012). Nurse education, research and evidence-based practice. Robinson, R. (2003). Ethical analysis.Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing,22(2), 71-75. Tarnow, K. G., Butcher, H. K. (2005). Teaching the art of professional nursing in the learning laboratory.Annual review of nursing education,3, 375-392. Traynor, M. (2006). Discourse analysis: theoretical and historical overview and review of papers in the Journal of Advanced Nursing 19962004.Journal of advanced nursing,54(1), 62-72. Tyer-Viola, L., Nicholas, P. K., Corless, I. B., Barry, D. M., Hoyt, P., Fitzpatrick, J. J., Davis, S. M. (2009). Social responsibility of nursing: a global perspective.Policy, Politics, Nursing Practice,10(2), 110-118.

Sociology and Answer Essay Example

Sociology and Answer Paper 1. Sociological Perspective Sociology is defined as: | a. | the methodological analysis of groups and individuals. | | | b. | the scientific analysis of premodern people. | | | c. | the academic discipline that examines individual human behavior. | | | d. | the systematic study of human society and social interaction. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 2| According to sociologist C. Wright Mills, the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society is referred to as: | a. | the reality perception. | | | b. | the sociological imagination. | | | c. | the conflict perception. | | | d. the symbolic interaction approach. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 3| French philosopher ________ is credited with having coined the term sociology to describe a new science that would engage in the study of society. | a. | Emile Durkheim| | | b. | Herbert Spencer| | | c. | Max Weber| | | d. | Auguste Comte| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 4| In Society in America, ________ examined religion, politics, child rearing, slavery, and immigration to the United States, paying special attention to social distinctions based on class, race, and gender. | a. | Harriet Martineau| | | b. | Auguste Comte| | c. | Jane Addams| | | d. | Herbert Spencer| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 5| French sociologist Emile Durkheim observed that rapid social change and a more specialized division of labor produce strain in society; these strains lead to a breakdown in traditional organization, values, and authority and to a dramatic increase in: | a. | cultural conflict. | | | b. | social disorganization. | | | c. | anomie. | | | d. | social solidarity. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 6| This German economist and philosopher stressed that history is a continuous clash between conflicting ideas and forces . He believed that class conflict is necessary in order to produce social change and a better society. | a. | Karl Marx| | | b. | Frederick Schmidt| | | c. | Max Weber| | | d. | Emile Durkheim| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 7| The first department of sociology in the United States was established ________, where the faculty was instrumental in starting the American Sociological Society (now known as the American Sociological Association). | a. | at Harvard University| | | b. | at the University of Chicago| | | c. | at Yale University| | | d. | at the University of California at Berkeley| | | status:  not answered  () orrect:  b your answer:  | 8| ________ perspectives are based on the assumption that society is a stable, orderly system. | a. | Conflict| | | b. | Functionalist| | | c. | Interactionist| | | d. | Developmental| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 9| Debbie is interested in how changes in society are related to homelessness. She is examining how the movement of factory jobs from the United States to overseas locations has contributed to the increase in the number of homeless people. Debbie is conducting a: | a. | macrolevel analysis. | | | b. | microlevel analysis. | | | c. | mesolevel analysis. | | d. | transactional-level analysis. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 10| Sociologists applying a ________ framework to the study of consumerism would primarily focus on a microlevel analysis of peoples face-to-face interactions. | a. | functionalist| | | b. | conflict| | | c. | symbolic interactionist| | | d. | postmodern| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 2. Sociological Research Methods Sociologists obtain their knowledge of human behavior through ________, which results in a body of information that helps us move beyond guesswork and common sense in understanding society. a. | commonsense ideas| | | b. | research| | | c. | myths| | | d. | scientific laws| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 2| A trademark of sociology involves the unmasking of fallacies in the everyday and official interpretations of society. This process is called: | a. | debunking. | | | b. | reformative. | | | c. | demystifying. | | | d. | deductive reasoning. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 3| The relationship between theory and research has been referred to as a continuous cycle. The theory and research cycle consists of two approaches. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology and Answer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology and Answer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology and Answer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the ________ approach, the researcher begins with a theory and uses research to test the theory. | a. | normative| | | b. | inductive| | | c. | deductive| | | d. | explanatory| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 4| Researchers in one study examined the effects of church membership, divorce, and migration on suicide rates in the United States and concluded that suicide rates are typically higher where divorce and migration rates are higher and church membership is lower. This is a(n) example of ________. | a. | quantitative research| | | b. | observational research| | | c. | qualitative research| | d. | explanatory research| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 5| ________ are the abstract elements representing some aspect of the world in simplified form (such as social integration or loneliness). | a. | Operational definitions| | | b. | Principles| | | c. | Theories| | | d. | Concepts| | | status:  not answered  () co rrect:  d your answer:  | 6| Suppose that your goal is to earn an A in this sociology course. Your professor may have created a(n) ________, by specifying an A as earning a test average of 90 percent or above. | a. | qualitative variable| | | b. | statement of correlation| | c. | interpretative statement| | | d. | operational definition| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 7| As a researcher, you must decide which population persons about whom you want to be able to draw conclusions will be observed or questioned. In ________, every member of an entire population being studied has the same chance of being selected. | a. | probability sampling| | | b. | scattered sampling| | | c. | random sampling| | | d. | rotational sampling| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 8| ________ research is likely to be used when the research question does ot easily lend itself to numbers and statistical methods. | a. | Formulation| | | b. | Quantitative| | | c. | Conventional| | | d. | Qualitative| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 9| Self-administered questionnaires have certain strengths. Which of the following was  not  identified as a strength of self-administered questionnaires? | a. | They are relatively simple and inexpensive to administer. | | | b. | They have a very high response rate. | | | c. | They allow for rapid data collection and analysis. | | | d. | They permit respondents to remain anonymous. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b our answer:  | 10| The American Sociological Association requires that sociologists adhere to all of the following,  except: | a. | researchers are allowed to use any means necessary in conducting their research projects. | | | b. | researchers must maintain objectivity and integrity in their research findings by disclosing the findings even if they do not support their views. | | | c. | researchers must protect confident ial information provided by their participants. | | | d. | researchers must acknowledge research collaboration and assistance they receive from others and disclose all sources of financial support. | | | tatus:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 3. Culture ________ is the knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society. | a. | Social organization| | | b. | Society| | | c. | Technology| | | d. | Culture| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 2| Sociologists define ________ as the knowledge, techniques, and tools that make it possible for people to transform resources into usable forms, and the knowledge and skills required to use them after they are developed. | a. | industrialization| | b. | technology| | | c. | material culture| | | d. | cybernetics| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 3| All of the following statements regarding cultural universals are true,  except: | a. | cultural universals include appearance, activities, social institutions, and customary practices. | | | b. | some customs and practices are found in all cultures. | | | c. | the specific forms of cultural universals vary from one group to another and from one time to another within the same group. | | | d. | sociologists are in agreement that cultural universals are the result of functional necessity. | | | tatus:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 4| From the ________ perspective, a shared language is essential to a common culture; language is a stabilizing force in society. | a. | postmodernist| | | b. | conflict| | | c. | symbolic interactionist| | | d. | functionalist| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 5| According to sociologist Robin Williams, a belief in the idea that the American way of life is best illustrates the core value of ________. | a . | racism and group superiority| | | b. | equality| | | c. | progress and material comfort| | | d. | freedom and liberty| | | status:  not answered  () orrect:  a your answer:  | 6| Eric is attending classes at the local college. He believes in the idea of success, but he does not spend as much time as he could studying to achieve a higher grade point average. His behavior is an example of ________ culture. | a. | universal| | | b. | ideal| | | c. | material| | | d. | real| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 7| Values provide ideals or beliefs about behavior but do not state explicitly how we should behave. ________ are established rules of behavior or standards of conduct. | a. | Sanctions| | | b. | Norms| | | c. | Folkways| | | d. | Mores| | | tatus:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 8| All parts of culture do not change at the same pace. Sociologist William Ogburn referred to this disparity as ________, a gap between the technical development of a society and its moral and legal institutions. | a. | cultural division| | | b. | cultural diffusion| | | c. | cultural leveling| | | d. | cultural lag| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 9| The popularity of pinatas in China, Italy, Spain, Mexico, the United States, and other nations is an example of: | a. | cultural diversity. | | | b. | cultural discovery. | | | c. | cultural diffusion. | | d. | cultural lag. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 10| During the Olympic Games, the spirits of nationalism and patriotism encourage people to think of their own nation as the best. This illustrates the principle of: | a. | self-centeredness. | | | b. | ethnocentrism. | | | c. | authoritarianism. | | | d. | cultural relativism. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 4. Socialization ________ is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society. a. | Acculturation| | | b. | Reification| | | c. | Self-representation| | | d. | Socialization| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 2| The case of Genie, an isolated child, illustrates that: | a. | children who have experienced extreme isolation do not live long enough to reach adulthood. | | | b. | isolated children actually can recover quickly from any physical damages. | | | c. | children who experience social isolation and neglect may be defined as retarded when they reach adulthood. | | | d. | with proper therapy, children who have been isolated can become a part of the mainstream. | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 3| The basic assumption in ________ psychoanalytic approach is that human behavior and personality originate from unconscious forces within individuals. | a. | George Herbert Meads| | | b. | Jean Piagets| | | c. | Si gmund Freuds| | | d. | Charles Horton Cooleys| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 4| Drawing from psychologist Sigmund Freuds theory, ________ identified eight psychosocial stages of development, reasoning that each stage is accompanied by a crisis or potential crisis that involves transitions in social relationships. a. | George Herbert Mead| | | b. | Jean Piaget| | | c. | Charles Horton Cooley| | | d. | Erik Erikson| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 5| In order to assess womens stages of moral development, Carol Gilligan conducted a study of pregnant women who were contemplating having an abortion. According to Gilligan, women in the first stage of moral development were primarily motivated by: | a. | a desire to do what is best for themselves and for others. | | | b. | their responsibility to others. | | | c. | selfish concerns. | | | d. | anger. | | | status:  not answered  () orrect:  c your answer:  | 6| F our components make up our self-concept: the  active  self is best reflected in which of the following? | a. | I am good at soccer. | | | b. | I am nice to others. | | | c. | I am tall. | | | d. | I believe in world peace. | | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  | 7| George Herbert Meads concept of the ________ refers to the childs awareness of the demands and expectations of the society as a whole or of the childs subculture. | a. | secondary other| | | b. | generalized other| | | c. | perceived other| | | d. | significant other| | status:  not answered  () correct:  b your answer:  | 8| According to psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner, in the ________, a child is engaged in immediate face-to-face interactions with the childs parents, siblings, and other immediate family members. | a. | macrosystem| | | b. | exosystem| | | c. | microsystem| | | d. | mesosystem| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  c your answer:  | 9| In the ________ pe rspective, when we examine the context in which family life takes place, we see that grandparents and other relatives have a strong influence on how parents socialize their children. In turn, the childrens behavior may have an effect on how parents, siblings, and grandparents get along with one another. | a. | conflict| | | b. | functionalist| | | c. | postmodern| | | d. | symbolic interactionist| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  d your answer:  | 10| ________ is the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society. | a. | Gender socialization| | | b. | Cultural acquisition| | | c. | Developmental maturation| | | d. | Exchange theory| | | status:  not answered  () correct:  a your answer:  |